Line 1
Korail Class 1000
Before reading this section, it is recommended to read the "Brief Intro to Numbering" section on the Trains page.
First Generation
Korea had zero experience building subway trains, so the first trains were built by Japan. Thus, the first trains were largely based on existing Japanese trains. The electric parts, rheostat systems from Hitachi, were based on the JNR 415 series, while the design of the bodies were based on the JR 103 series trains.
A JNR 415 series train.
JR 103 series trains.
By 日根野 (Hineno) - Own work, CC BY-SA 4.0, https://commons.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?curid=60592385
The first batch of trains were built in 1974 by various Japanese companies, including Kawasaki Heavy Industries, Kinki Sharyo, Tokyu Car Corporation (now JTEC) and Nippon Sharyo. They were originally sorted into 6-car formations. The car numbering was as follows:
XX and YY signify train numbers. YY is one integer greater than XX.
10XX-Tc (Trailer driving car with cab)
13XX-M (Air compressor, battery, main resistor, controller, towing motor)
16XX-M' (Transformer, pantograph, auxiliary power supply, towing motor)
13YY-M
16YY-M'
10YY-Tc
In total, 21 trains were built in this batch, with a total of 126 cars. They were numbered 1x01/02~1x41/42.
Train 1x01/02.
A second batch of trains were built from 1976-1979, manufactured by Daewoo Heavy Industries under license. Production numbers were identical to the first batch, 21 trains with a total of 126 cars. These trains were numbered 1x43/44~1x83/84.
In the 1980s, as ridership increased in Line 1, the trains were rearranged into eight-car formations. For the first batch, 7 trains lost all four of their motor cars, which were distributed to the other 14 trains. To replace these lost cars, 42 additional motor cars were built in Korea from 1980 to 1981.
The rearrangement of the second batch was slightly different. Like the first batch, 7 trains had all their motor cars removed, which were distributed to the other 14 trains. However, only 26 replacement motor cars were built. This means that only 4 of the 7 trains were extended to eight cars. One train received two motor cars to become a four-car train, and ran on the Yongsan-Seongbuk shuttle line. The remaining two trains, just consisting of driving cars, were held out of service.
The car numbering was as follows: (The key remains the same from the previous table)
Eight cars: (ZZ is one integer greater than YY)
10XX or 11XX-Tc
13XX or 14XX-M
16XX or 17XX-M'
13YY or 14YY-M
16YY or 17YY-M'
13ZZ or 14ZZ-M
16ZZ or 17ZZ-Tc
Four cars:
10XX-Tc
13XX-M
16YY-M'
10YY-Tc
Car 1001 preserved at the Korail Railroad Museum.
By skinnylawyer from Los Angeles, California, USA - Korail 1000 Series Subway Train, CC BY-SA 2.0, https://commons.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?curid=17907475
Finally, starting in 1984, the trains were extended to ten cars. For the first batch, 42 unpowered cars were manufactured from 1984 to 1985 to extend these trains to ten cars. For the second batch, a mix of powered and unpowered cars were built. The 18 eight-car trains were extended to ten cars, the four-car train was extended to eight cars, and a new four-car train was formed using two of the driving cars held out of service. The remaining two were kept in storage. In 1989, the eight-car and four-car train were extended to ten cars using second generation cars built then.
All first generation trains were fitted with air conditioning units in 1988, and received SIV systems (stationary inverter) to power them.
The ten-car numbering was as follows: (this system would be used for all subsequent 10-car trains of this class, with two exceptions)
10XX-Tc
12XX-M
13XX-M'
18XX-T (Unpowered car)
14XX-M
15XX-M'
19XX-T
16XX-M
17XX-M'
11XX-Tc
In the 1990s, the trains recieved the numbers they would carry to retirement. For the first batch, the 14 trains that carried eight Japanese-made cars were numbered 1x01~1x14. The seven that lost their original motor cars were numbered 1x29~1x35. For the second batch, the 14 trains with eight original cars were numbered 1x15~1x28. The remaining six that lost their original motor cars were numbered 1x36~1x41.
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All Korail trains were repainted in a new yellow and teal/green livery starting in 1994. The first generation trains would carry this livery until retirement. Here is train 1x02.
From http://blog.daum.net/_blog/BlogTypeView.do?blogid=0Hoip&articleno=8530570&_bloghome_menu=recenttext
Train 1x15 was the first subway train manufactured in Korea. Leading car 1115 and motor car 1315 are preserved at the Korean Railroad Museum.
By myself - Self-photographed, CC BY-SA 3.0, https://commons.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?curid=5816981
Korea had a 25-year lifespan for its trains at that time, so the first batch trains were retired between 1998 and 1999. The only exception was train 1x02, which was involved in an accident on October 2, 1984. Two cars, a motor car and a driving car, were heavily damaged and scrapped. A new motor car was built in 1986, and one of the driving cars held out of service from the second batch rearrangement replaced the damaged one. The train remained in service until June 2004.
The remaining driving car was used to replace a driving car on train 1x14, which was damaged in a very similar accident on Feburary 2, 1986.
Even after the first batch trains were retired, their cars still were used elsewhere. The motor cars of 1x29~1x35 were redeployed to other trains until 2006, and their unpowered cars were repurposed into driving cars in 2002, receiving new front ends. They were renumbered and linked with newer first and second generation cars, becoming trains 1x88~1x94. They were retired in 2006.
The second batch trains were gradually retired from 2000 to 2004. However, due to their less advanced age, many cars were saved from retirement. The powered cars in trains 1x35~1x41 were redeployed to other trains until at least 2006. Many of the unpowered cars built from 1984 to 1986 were refurbished in 2006 and 2007. Both unpowered cars of 1x39~1x40, and one unpowered car from 1x41 were converted to cars formerly found in Class 311000 trains 311x39~311x41. All first generation trains were finally retired in September 2014, when second generation train 1x55 was retired, along with its two first generation unpowered cars.
After retirement, several cars were preserved:
-Cars 1107 and 1011 are being used as karaoke room cars at Mogok Leisure Town in Hongcheon.
-Car 1309 is being used as a local restaurant in Buan County, North Jeolla Province.
-Cars 1019 and 1119 are being used as storage in Sangju, North Gyeongsang Province.
-Cars 1514 and 1134 (and potentially some more) are being used as exhibits in the Haneol Theme Museum in Yeoju.
-Rebuilt car 1091 (formerly 1832) is at Buljeong station on the former Mungyeong Line, used as a "pension train."
-Two cars (numbers unknown) near the Galma Tunnel in Seongnam.
-In addition, cars 1106 and 1109 were used as a local restaurant in Incheon, and car 1032 was used as a restaurant in Daejeon. However, all cars were sold and scrapped by 2017.
Second Generation
The second generation of trains consisted of trains 1x42~1x73. They were introduced in two batches, from 1986 to 1992. Several extra second generation cars were also built to lengthen first generation trains to ten cars. They were built by Daewoo Heavy Industries, Hyundai Precision, and Hanjin Heavy Industries.
Compared to the first generation, the second generation sported several changes. The front ends were redesigned completely, and a train event recorder was introduced. These trains were built with air conditioning, and had SIV systems to power them. Newer three piece, retractable side windows were also installed. All trains had the old blue and white Korail livery, but received the yellow and green livery following overhaul starting in 1994. Starting in 2004, they received the current Korail livery and had their paper roll destination signs replaced with LED displays.
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The first batch of trains consisted of trains 1x42~1x63, built from 1986 to 1991. These trains sported larger, rectangular door windows compared to the square door windows of the previous generation. As built, trains 1x42~1x49 were ten cars long, trains 1x50~1x56 were six cars and ran on the Ansan Line, and trains 1x57~1x63 were four cars long and ran on the Yongsan-Seongbuk shuttle line.
From 1994 to 1997, third generation cars were used to extend trains 1x50~1x53 and trains 1x57~1x63. Trains 1x50~1x53 and 1x59~1x61 were extended to ten cars, and trains 1x57, 1x58, 1x62, and 1x63 were extended to six cars for Ansan Line service. Eventually, all second generation trains were extended to ten cars using surplus first generation and newly built third generation cars.
In 1999, unpowered cars 1842, 1942, and 1943 were rebuilt into driving cars. They were renumbered into cars 1082, 1182, and 1087 respectively, and linked with first generation cars. Since there was no car 1187, 1087 was linked with third generation driving car 1186. Car 1087 was retired in 2001, and cars 1182 and 1082 were retired in 2006.
All but three trains were overhauled between 2007 and 2008 to be fire-resistant. Trains 1x53, 1x57, and 1x63 were retired because they were coupled with aging first generation cars at that point, so it was easier to just retire them.
Almost all first batch trains had their doors refitted with the smaller, square type windows as time passed. Car 1162 was the last second generation car with rectangular door windows until its retirement in July 2016.
Train 1x62 with the current Korail livery.
By Mtattrain - Own work, CC BY-SA 4.0, https://commons.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?curid=42040856
The second batch consisted of trains 1x64~1x73, built from 1991 to 1992. Unlike the first batch trains, the second batch trains kept the smaller, square door windows from the previous generation. As built, trains 1x67~1x73 were ten cars long. 1x64~1x66 were six cars long for Ansan Line service. Eventually, additional cars were built/rearranged to extend these three trains to ten cars.
During the 2007-2008 overhauls, all but one train was overhauled. The lone train, 1x65, was retired for the same reason as trains 1x53, 1x57, and 1x63: the majority of its cars were aging first generation cars. Driving cars 1165 and 1065 were preserved at the old Gudun Station on the Jungang Line, where they were used for various crew training purposes.
(The old Gudun Station has been preserved as it is registered as a National Cultural Property. Trains now stop at the nearby Ilsin Station.)
The overhauled first batch trains were retired between 2012 and 2015, and the third generation cars used to extend some of these trains were retained for later use. The lone exception, train 1x58, was wrecked in a collision with then-known Class 5000 train 5x75 (now 311x74) in 2010. The whole train was retired and most of the cars were scrapped. Some were kept for other uses.
The second batch trains were retired between 2015 and 2017. Parts of trains 1x72 and 1x73 were used for testing in mid-2017 before being retired again. However, cars 1673 and 1773 were brought back into service in March 2019, replacing two powered cars in train 1x79. The cars were retired with the train in November 2019, ending the service life of the second generation trains.
Cars 1171 and 1771 have been remodeled and preserved at Kyungbuk College.
Third Generation
The third generation trains were built in two batches from 1994 to 1997. 12 trains were built, consisting of trains 1x74~1x81 and 1x83~1x86. The front ends were changed again, to a design based on the first generation Class 311000, 341000, and 315000 trains. The door windows were carried over from the second batch second generation trains, a small, square design. The main propulsion system was also changed, from a Hitachi unit to a Woojin unit. All trains were delivered in the green and yellow livery but received the current livery after overhaul.
First batch train 1x77.
The first batch consisted of trains 1x74~1x79, manufactured from 1994 to 1995 by Daewoo Heavy Industries. All trains were ten cars long. Six additional cars were built during this time to extend second generation trains 1x59~1x61 to six cars for Ansan Line service.
The second batch consisted of trains 1x80, 1x81, and 1x83~1x86, built from 1996 to 1997 by Hyundai Precision. Trains 1x80 and 1x84 were ten cars long, 1x81 and 1x83 were eight cars long, and 1x85 and 1x86 were delivered with just the driving cars. Eventually, all trains were lengthened to 10 cars. Trains 1x85 and 1x86 had a unique formation of cars, consisting of Tc-M-M'-M-M'-M-M'-M-M'-Tc (omitting the unpowered cars) which allowed for a slightly faster acceleration compared to the other trains.
Also during this time, more surplus cars were built to be coupled with second generation trains. Second generation trains 1x50~1x53, 1x57~1x63, and rebuilt train 1x82 were extended. 1x50~1x53, 1x59~1x61, and 1x82 were extended to ten cars, while trains 1x57, 1x58, 1x62, and 1x63 were extended from four to six cars.
Train 1x86 was temporarily held out of service when car 1186 was linked with rebuilt train 1x87 from 1999 to 2001.
The additional cars for trains 1x59~1x61 were retired between 2015 and 2016 with their respective trains. Two powered cars from train 1x79 were retired in March 2019 due to mechanical issues; they were replaced by second generation cars 1673 and 1773 as mentioned above. Trains 1x75~1x79 were retired in November 2019.
All remaining trains were retrofitted with LED headlights.
Train 1x83 derailed near Yeongdeungpo Station on April 14, 2020. It was retired and will be scrapped.
All remaining trains were suspended following the April derailment. Due to perceived safety issues, all trains were retired by June 2020, rather abruptly ending the service life of the Korail Class 1000 trains. Train 1x74 will be preserved.
Second batch train 1x85.
By Jjw - 자작, CC BY-SA 4.0, https://commons.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?curid=59796877
Seoul Metro 1000-Series
First Generation
The first generation of Seoul Metro 1000-Series trains were identical to the Korail Class 1000 trains. The only difference was the paint job, with Seoul Metro trains having a red stripe over a white car body. All trains were initially delivered with six cars. The car numbering was as follows:
10XX-Tc (Trailer driving car with cab)
11XX-M (Air compressor, battery, main resistor, towing motor and controller)
13XX-M' (Transformer, SIV, pantograph, auxiliary power supply and towing motor)
11YY-M
13YY-M'
10YY-Tc
The first batch of 10 trains consisted of 1-01/02~1-19/20, built in 1974 by Hitachi. A second batch, built from 1977 to 1978 by Daewoo Heavy Industries, introduced 16 more trains, 1-21/22~1-31/32.
Train 1-01/02, preserved at Seoul Metro's Gunja depot.
By Sim1992 - Own work, CC BY-SA 3.0, https://commons.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?curid=9746753
Starting in 1989, newer cars were built to extend all the trains to ten cars. All trains received two unpowered cars each. Trains 1-15/1-16~1-19/20 and 1-29/30~1-31/32 lost all their powered cars, which were redistributed to the remaining trains. They subsequently received six powered cars each. Train 1-13/14 received two powered cars. The car numbering was as follows:
10XX-Tc
11XX-M
13XX-M'
15XX-T (Unpowered car)
12XX-M
14XX-M'
15YY-T
11YY-M
13YY-M'
10YY-T
The first batch of trains were retired from 1998 to 1999 with the introduction of the second generation trains. Their newer cars, however, were kept for later use after retirement.
Train 1-14, formerly 1-19/20.
By Mtattrain - Own work, CC BY-SA 4.0, https://commons.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?curid=46751591
With this 1999 rearrangement, 4 new 10-car trains were introduced, using only 1989-built cars. These were numbered trains 1-13/14~1-19/20. Eight formerly unpowered cars were converted into driving cars by Hyundai Precision for these trains. The driving cars were redesigned, now with the same general design as other Seoul Metro trains of the time period. Train 1-13/14 also received four newly built powered cars, since there were not enough 1989-built cars to build four ten-car trains at the time. These cars had larger, rectangular door windows and three-piece side windows compared to the rest of the train.
In 2002, train 1-13/14 was damaged in an accident. The last three cars of the train were written off, and the train was held out of service for a while.
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The 2002 accident that damaged three cars in train 1-13/14.
By 서울특별시 소방재난본부 - 서울특별시 소방재난본부 최광모, CC BY-SA 4.0, https://commons.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?curid=41556542
The second batch trains were retired in 2002, and their newer cars were reorganized to create two more ten-car trains. A new numbering system also took effect, with a more uniform sequence of numbers:
10XX-Tc
11XX-M
12XX-M'
13XX-T
14XX-M
15XX-M'
16XX-T
17XX-M
18XX-M'
19XX-Tc
Under this new system, trains 1-15/16~1-19/20 became trains 1-12~1-14. The trains introduced in 2002 became 1-15 and 1-16.
In 2004, three new cars were built to replace the damaged ones in train 1-13/14. The train returned to service later that year as train 1-11.
All trains were refitted with fire-resistant interiors in 2004. In the case of train 1-11, the three new cars were built to the updated code from the start.
Train 1-12 collided with 2000-series train 2-94 at the Gunja Depot on August 25, 2019. After repair, the train returned to service.
The replacement cars in train 1-11 today. Note the larger door windows and three-piece side windows compared to the image of train 1-14 above.
While these trains were originally scheduled to be retired from 2014 to 2015, they received another major overhaul during those years, recieving LED destination signs in the process. Their service lives were extended to 40 years, and will be retired in 2029.They are stored at Line 2's Gunja Depot.
Second Generation
The second generation of trains were introduced from 1998 to 2002. Compared to the first generation, there are many significant changes. The car body is made of stainless steel as opposed to aluminum. They came delivered with LED destination signs on the front and sides. They are powered by VVVF-GTO inverters from Mitsubishi.
The specifications and design for these trains are identical to the Seoul Metro 4000-series and the Korail 3000-series trains. The only difference is that these trains have an higher operating speed of 110 km/h (68 mph). The 4000-series have an operating speed of 100 km/h (~62 mph) and the Class 3000 trains have an operating speed of 80 km/h (~50 mph).
First batch train 1-03.
By Mtattrain - 자작, CC BY-SA 4.0, https://commons.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?curid=65123876
The numbering system remains the same (10XX-19XX), but the equipment in each car is different from the first generation.
10XX-Tc (Leading car with cab, SIV, air compressor, battery)
11XX-M (Pantograph, inverter and controller)
12XX-M
13XX-T (Unpowered car)
14XX-M
15XX-T1 (Unpowered car with SIV, air compressor, battery)
16XX-T
17XX-M
18XX-M
19XX-Tc
In total, 10 trains were built, numbered 1-01~1-10.
The first batch of trains consisted of trains 1-01~1-06, built from 1998 to 1999 by Hyundai Precision. Trains 1-05 and 1-06 use first generation 1000-series cars as their unpowered cars. In 2009, the driving cars for all trains in this batch were installed with bicycle compartments.
The second batch of trains, 1-07~1-10, were built in 2002 by Rotem. There were no differences between the first and second batches. Similarly to trains 1-05 and 1-06, trains 1-09 and 1-10 use unpowered first generation 1000-series cars.
Trains 1-10 and 1-06 in 2009. The black area around the destination signs were eventually painted red with a green stripe.
By 사용자:원곡군 - 파일:Seoulmetro series1000.jpg의 덮어 씌워진 옛날 버전, 정보공유라이선스 2.0: 허용, https://ko.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?curid=314766
The color of the destination sign area on car 1007 has been painted red and blue, identical to the 4000-series trains. The exact reason for this is unknown, especially since car 1907 was not repainted in the same manner. Train 1-07 has been running in this state since May 2019 at the earliest.
Cars 1401, 1402, 1404, 1805, 1406, 1407, 1707, 1408, 1109, 1409, and 1410 have had their VVVF-GTO units updated with a newer software, creating a different driving sound. This is part of a larger effort to replace all second generation trains with VVVF-IGBT units starting in 2020.
These trains are also stored at Line 2's Gunja Depot.
Korail Class 311000 (Formerly 5000)
The Korail Class 311000 trains have been in service since 1996, and have spanned five different generations. They were formerly classified as Class 5000. These trains form the bulk of the fleet running on Line 1.
All trains are ten cars long. The initial car numbering for these trains as the Class 5000 was as follows:
50XX-Tc (Leading car with cab, SIV, air compressor, battery)
52XX-M (Inverter, controller, converter)
53XX-M' (Pantograph, transformer, inverter, controller)
58XX-T (Unpowered car)
55XX-M'
54XX-T' (Unpowered car with SIV, air compressor, battery)
59XX-T
56XX-M
57XX-M'
51XX-Tc
Numbering spots on the 311000 series have run out, so new trains now have numbers in the 312000 series.
Trains and cars in this class have also been repurposed to creating other classes, including the Class 319000 and the Class 321000. Class 319000 trains are four cars long and run on the Yeongdeungpo-Gwangmyeong shuttle section of Line 1, while Class 321000 trains are eight cars long and run on the Gyeongui-Jungang Line.
First Generation
The first generation of trains were built from 1996 to 1999. Their design is identical to the first generation Class 341000 and 351000 trains, which were introduced starting in 1993. They were built with Toshiba VVVF-GTO propulsion systems.
A common nickname for these trains is 납작이, or "flat face." All trains carried the 1990s green and yellow Korail livery, and received the current one after refurbishment in 2005.
Train 5x05, now 311x05, in the old Korail livery.
By No machine-readable author provided. Sugabko assumed (based on copyright claims). - No machine-readable source provided. Own work assumed (based on copyright claims)., CC BY 2.5, https://commons.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?curid=1453410
42 trains were built, numbered 5x01~5x42. Trains 5x01~5x28 were built from 1996 to 1997 by Hyundai Precision. Trains 5x29~5x42 were built from 1998 to 1999 by Daewoo Heavy Industries.
In 2007, train 5x19 was involved in an accident that wrecked cars 5119 and 5719. The remaining eight cars from the train were rebuilt and repurposed into Class 319000 trains 319x06 and 319x07. So, during the 2011 renumbering, trains 5x20~5x42 became trains 311x19~311x41. Trains 5x01~5x18 became 311x01~311x18. A new car numbering system took effect, with equipment per car remaining the same:
3110XX-Tc
3112XX-M
3113XX-M'
3114XX-T
3115XX-M'
3116XX-T'
3117XX-M
3118XX-M'
3119XX-Tc
Trains 311x39, 311x40, and 311x41 formerly ran with unpowered 2nd generation Class 1000 cars. 311x39 sported one of these cars, while 311x40 and 311x41 had two each. Trains 311x39 and 311x41 now use unpowered Class 341000 cars, while train 311x40 uses cars from train 311x02.
Train 311x02 was damaged in a derailment in 2016 and was prematurely retired. Its unpowered cars replaced the Class 1000 cars in train 311x40, and its powered cars were used in Class 341000 trains. 311x01 was taken out of service for unknown reasons in mid-2017, and all its cars sans the driving cars are being used on Class 341000 train 341x04.
Train 311x26, formerly 5x27.
By Minseong Kim - Own work, CC BY-SA 4.0, https://commons.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?curid=37013578
All trains had their paper roll destination signs and run numbers changed to LED displays in 2004. Automatic gangway doors were installed on all trains between 2008 and 2013. All trains are currently being retrofitted with LED headlights, following successful tests. Several trains have had their existing propulsion units replaced by newer Toshiba VVVF-IBGT units: 311x13, 311x16, 311x35, and 311x36~311x41.
Note: These IGBT units are the same ones used to retrofit Class 341000 and 351000 trains.
Trains 311x03~311x25 are stored at the Imun Depot, while 311x26~311x41 are stored at Guro.
Second Generation
The second generation of trains were introduced from 2002 to 2004. 24 trains were built, numbered 5x43~5x66 (now 311x42~311x65). All trains were built by Rotem.
There were several notable changes compared to the first generation. The car bodies now featured rectangular door windows and one-piece side windows, as opposed to two-piece. The front end was redesigned completely, earning the nickname 동글이, or "round face." Trains 311x42~311x52 carried a livery of green stripes when delivered, but received the current livery in 2005. All subsequent trains built were delivered with the current livery.
The propulsion system remained the same, a Toshiba VVVF-GTO unit.
Train 5x48 (now 311x47) in the old livery.
By Subway06 - Own work, CC BY 3.0, https://commons.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?curid=4822206
Since their delivery, several trains have had their VVVF-GTO inverters replaced with VVVF-IGBT units in a similar fashion to the first generation trains. Trains 311x42~311x45, 311x48, 311x54~311x56, 311x59, and 311x60 have been converted. Trains 311x47 and 311x51~311x60 have had their pneumatic door systems replaced with electric ones. All trains except 311x64 and 311x65 had their paper roll destination signs replaced with LED displays in 2004.
Trains 311x64 and 311x65 were introduced in 2004. Unlike the other trains in this generation, they came delievered with Toshiba VVVF-IGBT units, slightly smaller wheel bogies, fire-resistant interiors (a first in Korean history) and LED destination signs.
Trains 311x42~311x47 and 311x54~311x65 are stored at Byeongjeom, while 311x48~311x53 are stored at Guro.
Train 311x43.
By Mtattrain - Own work, CC BY-SA 4.0, https://commons.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?curid=40954223
Third Generation
The third generation of trains were delivered in two batches starting in 2005. These trains were delivered with Toshiba VVVF-IGBT propulsion systems, fire-resistant interiors, electric door systems, LED destination signs and run number displays, and the current Korail livery. The larger door windows and one-piece side windows were carried over from the previous generation. The front ends were resigned once again, now earning the nickname 뱀눈이, or "snake eyes."
Train 5x78 (Now 311x77)
By Subway06 - Own work, CC BY 3.0, https://commons.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?curid=4822199
The first batch was built from 2005 to 2006 by Rotem, producing 26 trains numbered 5x67~5x92. Trains 5x79, 5x80, and 5x86~5x92 were converted to Class 319000 and Class 321000 trains. They formed 319x01~319x05, 321x01~321x07, and parts of 321x15~321x18. The remaining trains, 5x67~5x78 and 5x81~5x85, were renumbered to 311x66~311x77 and 311x78~311x82 respectively.
The second batch was built from 2012 to 2014 by Hyundai Rotem (Rotem merged with Hyundai in 2007). These trains were the first ones delivered with the new six-digit numbering, numbered 311x83~311x94. 311x83~311x89 were built in 2012 and 311x92~311x94 were built in 2013.
Compared to the first batch, there were several small updates. The LED destination signs are smaller and new bumpers were installed. The interior had several improvements, including new overhead LCD displays and clearer speakers. Trains 311x92~311x94 were delivered with LED headlights.
When delivered, trains 311x88 and 311x89 were delayed for two years, entering service in 2014. Trains 311x83~311x87 used converted Class 321000 cars when delivered. However, when trains were extended from six to eight cars on the Jungang Line (Now part of the Gyeongui-Jungang Line), the trains were taken out of service in 2013 and returned with newly made cars in 2014.
Train 311x88.
By 분당선M - Own work, CC BY-SA 3.0, https://commons.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?curid=37488972
Trains 311x90 and 311x91 were originally Class 361000 trains 361x14 and 361x15, built in 2010 for service on the Gyeongchun Line. As-built, they were eight cars long. At the time, they were running on the then-known Jungang Line to make up for demand. When demand stabilized, the two trains were taken out of service, given two newly built cars each, and were redeployed to Line 1 in 2014. 311x91 was converted back to 361x15 in 2017, with its two extra cars held in storage. However, it is planned to return to Line 1 in 2020.
Trains 311x66~311x76 and 311x83~311x94 (excluding 311x91) are stored at Guro. Trains 311x77~311x80 are stored at Byeongjeom, and 311x81~311x82 are stored at Imun.
Train 361x15 in Gyeongchun Line service.
By Subway06 - Own work, CC BY 3.0, https://commons.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?curid=12554723
Trains 311x90 (formerly 361x14) and 311x82. Class 361000 trains were built from aluminum, as opposed to stainless steel. Interestingly, the two extra cars for this train and 311x91 are Class 311000-spec, which have stainless steel bodies with ribbed sides.
A video better showing the differences here.
By Mtattrain - Own work, CC BY-SA 4.0, https://commons.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?curid=40695456
Fourth Generation
The fourth generation trains were built and delivered in 2016 by Hyundai Rotem. 9 trains were built, numbered 311x95~312x03. The same basic design was carried over from the previous generation, with small changes. These trains have single-arm pantographs, CCTV cameras, and a third driving light between the destination sign and run number display. LED headlights came as standard. To differentiate with the previous generation, these trains were called 삼눈이, or "three eyes."
These trains are stored at the Guro Depot.
Train 311x95.
By Mtattrain - Own work, CC BY-SA 4.0, https://commons.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?curid=49310757
Fifth Generation
The fifth generation of trains are being built and delivered since 2019 by Hyundai Rotem. 12 trains will be built, numbered 312x04~312x15. These trains are propelled by Toshiba's newest VVVF-IGBT system, with an IPM module from Hyundai Rotem.
The front ends have been changed again to a completely new design. The exterior LED signs are white in color. Side LED destination signs are only on the leading cars. These trains have been called 주둥이, or "snout face."
Currently, 4 trains are in service, 312x04~312x07. Trains 312x08 and 312x09 will be introduced by the end of 2020, and the rest will enter service through 2021 and 2022.
These trains will be stored at the Guro Depot.
Korail Class 319000
First Generation
The first generation of Class 319000 trains were formed from out of service and surplus trains of the then known Class 5000. Seven trains were created, numbered 319x01~319x07.
Trains 319x01~319x05 were formed from parts of Class 5000 trains 5x79, 5x80, and 5x86~5x92. Trains 319x06 and 319x07 were formed from the eight remaining cars of train 5x19.
All trains are four cars long. The car numbering is as follows:
3190XX-Tc (Leading car with cab, SIV, compressor, battery)
3191XX-M' (Pantograph, transformer, inverter, controller)
3192XX-M'
3199XX-Tc
These trains currently run on the Yeongdungpo-Gwangmyeong shuttle service on Line 1. They are stored at the Guro Depot.
Train 319x03.
Since trains 319x06 and 319x07 were converted from first generation train 5x19, the door windows and side windows follow the same design from that generation. Only the front ends were remodeled.
By Subway06 - Own work, CC BY 3.0, https://commons.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?curid=5397481
Second Generation
The second generation of these trains were built in 2019 by Hyundai Rotem. Three trains were built, numbered 319x08~319x10. These trains are six cars long.
They follow the "주둥이" (snout face) design and specifications, as standard for all new Korail trains being built at this time.
These trains will run on a future shuttle service between Soyosan and Yeoncheon when that extension opens in June 2022. In the meantime, they will run on another service between Kwangwoon University and Dongducheon.
These trains are stored at the Imun Depot.
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